If defrost isn’t working, something in the chain is broken. This step-by-step approach shows you exactly where to look and what to test.

Abstract: This article contributes to the evaluation of the performance and the precision of the IEC 61850 protocol implementation for real-time simulation. The importance of this study stems from two ...

A few weeks ago, I ordered a relay tester. Never had one, always wanted one. Whenever I doubt the proper functioning of a ...

Abstract: Analyzing the feasibility of modifying setting values on the condition of the running line without exiting the protection function is of great importance for 110 kV substations. A ...