Learn how business logic serves as the framework of rules and algorithms, enabling smooth data flow between databases and ...

By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

The idea that reality might be a kind of cosmic software has moved from late night dorm debates into serious physics journals ...

Markets no longer wait for decisions—they move on sentences. In today’s economy, the most powerful trades are often executed before a policy exists, before a bill is drafted, sometimes even before a ...

The Emmanuel Orjih essay being circulated is rhetorically powerful, but its “simplicity” is achieved by subtracting the ...

Some mathematical statements feel undeniably true the moment you hear them. Yet proving them can be impossible. This theorem ...

Using words like ‘factors,’ ‘denominators’ and ‘multiples’ may be part of a constellation of good math teaching practices ...

Joel David Hamkins is not a peripheral critic of artificial intelligence. He is a senior figure in mathematical logic whose ...

Notes for MATH700132 (Mathematical Logic) taught by David Evans at Imperial in Spring 2025. They are a work in progress. These notes are primarily based on the content covered in lectures, with some ...

You’d be surprised how many young people can’t read this. One of its conclusions tells the sad tale. “Between 2020 and 2025, the number of students whose math skills fall below high school level has ...